A large number of systemic pathology can lead to significant decreases in quality of life, complete performance and severe defects.Diseases related to the musculoskeletal system do not only occur in old age.Every 2-3 cases are observed in working age patients.The most dangerous and bad for correction is arthrosis.
This degenerative disease is accompanied by thinning of cartilage in large and small joints, leading to a decrease in the amplitude of movement and pain while trying to implement it.It is possible to prevent serious consequences only as a result of the appointment of adequate treatment in the early stages of the development of the disease.In this article we will find out the causes of development, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, modern diagnosis methods and arthrosis treatment.
The prevalence of arthrosis
Paying attention to statistical guidance, it can be found that arthrosis is a very relevant disease, and every year the frequency of events only develops.According to the World Health Organization, pathology is observed in seven percent of the planet's population.This puts it in the first place in the frequency of detection compared to other disorders of the musculoskeletal system.
Arthrosis is a chronic disease of non -inflammatory etiological joints, leading to deformation in the affected area
Often the deterioration of cartilage is observed in young people, more often it can be found in men.In young girls, interfalced arthrosis is often detected.After reaching the age of fifty years, the frequency of lesions and localization of focus are about the same for representatives -both gender and about 60%.
From the data presented, it can be understood that it is very important to identify the pathology in the early stages of the most effective drug therapy.Otherwise, the treatment of arthrosis is not accessible to most elderly patients related to financial components.
Causes and Risk Factors Development of arthrosis
The frequency of joint disease presented has led to the fact that the problem is acute among highly developed countries.Hundreds of millions of dollars are spent on studies on arthrosis by leading clinics each year.A gradual study of this problem allows for the pathogenesis of the process and factors that can increase the likelihood of disease.
Modern and more complete classifications of joint degeneration will be presented below, at this stage enough to understand that the primary and secondary forms are distinguished.
The causes that can lead to the development of secondary joint disease include the following:
- congenital changes associated with blood supply to the articular joints;
- injury to cartilage, ligament apparatus or bone growth zone;
- violations related to metabolism, especially with mineral links;
- autoimmune pathology;
- infections that affect bone tissue;
- hemophilia.
The main arthrosis is a free disease, it can develop due to the influence of these factors:
- Senil Age;
- Excessive weight presence;
- excessive physical activity;
- Joint surgical intervention;
- genetic tendency;
- Insufficient calcium and mineral intake;
- chronic intoxication;
- length and frequent stay at low temperatures;
- Injuries with bone joints.
The mechanism of development of arthrosis
Common bone joints are made up of two or more heads of joints, ligaments, cartilage and synovial fluid.All of these structures provide mobility in certain areas of the musculoskeletal system without pain, they also allow the burden to be obtained by walking and jumping, spreading it without causing damage to the body.
Joint arthrosis belongs to a group of diseases with the original -polyetiological.This means that most often the cause of development is the overall influence of the trigger complex, including professional destruction, overweight, elderly and malnutrition.Pathogenesis is that certain influences lead to significant deterioration in blood supply and lymph flow from the specified area.
Further, chondrocytes loses the ability to regenerate and products from normal intraarticular fluid, which reduces surface friction during movement.Gradually, the cartilage becomes rough and begins to wash under the influence of pressure during active body movement.
Gradually, the ability of tissue compensation is depleted and gradually the chondrocytes layer is erased.When degeneration reaches the bone, the pain mentioned develops and mobility decreases significantly.Without proper treatment, the patient can actually lose the ability to be active and even to maintain their needs independently.
Symptoms of arthrosis
The person does not know about arthrosis, the disease begins gradually and does not show itself early.Over time, the patient recorded a slight pain without a certain localization, which was enhanced against a significant physical work background.Increasing degeneration leads to the fact that pain appears with small movements and finds a clear location.
Symptoms of less significant arthrosis include:
- "Sick" pain in case of weather;
- Crunch while moving;
- stiffness in the morning;
- muscle cramps.
With wounds in the cartilage, there are signs of local inflammation, such as swelling, redness of skin and increased local temperature.If one does not seek the help of a doctor, the symptoms of progress and begin to appear not only to the background of the physical training, but also to rest.
Deplicity of the chondrocytes layer leads to joint deformation and violation of the normal functioning of the limbs.When it comes to the pathological focus, the patient will see the largest points of pain.In addition, the cartilage lips will thicken significantly along the edge, which will indicate hypertrophy of compensation.
Sore
Most of the violations in the field of bone joints lead to certain difficulties in the differential diagnosis process.However, after assessing the nature of pain, one can distinguish arthrosis from other etiological arthritis.In the case of described, painful sensations occur, as a rule, when trying to perform active movements.The intensity will gradually increase when trying to increase the load on the damaged joints.
The clinical picture described matches the first stage of the process.In the second and third stages of development, pain appears even in complete rest, you can stop it simply by providing a comfortable position for the limbs.The difference between arthritis is the presence of persistent pain, which does not disappear as its position changes, and also increases at night.
Sowearity of the joint
The destruction of the natural structure of the cartilage causes the active proliferation of chondroblast, but each polypoten cell in our body has a specific division limit.This phenomenon is called compensation buffer.This means that after several parts of the mitosis, the cell is dead and can no longer reproduce its own type.
After some time, this causes changes in the normal form of the joint gap, the appearance of "Christ" that is coordinated or developed in the lumen and its curves.This phenomenon only worsens the process, as the spikes formed during the destruction process cause additional harm during movement.
Due to changes in articular surface smoothness, the appearance of tuberocity and deviation, the amplitude of active and passive movement is significantly reduced.It is the most common symptom that makes patients seek medical help.Unfortunately, at this stage, the effectiveness of the drug treatment is too low, only the correction of the surgical joint can correct the condition.
Features -Features include:
- High probability of developing "contraction" or complete loss of active and passive movement in the limbs;
- Stocks are observed throughout the day, and not just in the morning, as in arthritis;
- In some cases, the limbs need to fade manually to provide a simpler position.
Sound in the joints
Many have heard the "fresh" sound of the features when kneading the joints.There are theories that follow healthy people This phenomenon is observed when the pressure in the bone joint capsule in the capsule changes, as a result, the density of the synovial fluid changes dramatically and the gas bubble, which quickly develops and breaks, creates a throat.This phenomenon is not dangerous, but with the same sound arthrosis comes as a result of other processes.
Crysta cartilage is formed during the destruction of cartilage joints and lip joints, leading to cracking and modification of ligaments.Even inexperienced people will be able to distinguish the sound in the joints with arthrosis - they are more rough and "dry".The severity and the amount of symptoms described are directly proportional to the level of the disease.
Specifications of sound in joints with arthrosis are:
- Their presence only in shocking joints;
- Always accompanied by deterioration in mobility;
- Expenses are in the final stages of the disease.
Changed the appearance of the joints
In the early stages of arthrosis, the process did not lead to changes in the form of bone joints.Significant changes can only be observed with neglected diseases, when one part of the joint is completely eliminated, and the other still produces cartilage cells.As a result, the pathological area increases significantly and loses its natural form.The prescribed symptoms are very unprofitable, as the presence of deformation in the region, for example, the knee or hip joint, will lead to changes in the lower structural area due to the displacement of the load used.
Type and level of arthrosis
The classification of modern arthrosis is quite branching, due to the broad list of local focus focus.
For communication facilities between experts in various medical centers and countries on the issue of diagnosis and treatment of the disease, the main is distinguished:
- Hand arthrosis;
- cervix;
- ankle;
- knees;
- polyarthrosis;
- hip;
- spine.
When creating a diagnosis, a very important level is the accurate determination of the degree of destructive process.The developmental stages of arthrosis are distinguished:
Level 1 - There is no obvious change in the form of joints, disorders observed in the biochemical composition of intra -Articular fluid, non -essential pain syndrome appears, equipped with manifestations of inflammation in the joints.
Level 2 - degenerative processes are observed in cartilagin fabrics, "Christ" forms, severe stiffness and pain syndrome during consolidated movement.The joints around the muscles develop.
Level 3 - The presence of extensive cartilage destruction is determined, the shape of the joints changes, the amplitude of active and passive movement in the limbs decreases significantly, or completely absent.Often in patients at this stage, the contraction develops true -actually stops movement in the affected area.
Complication
The process of uncontrolled destruction can lead to severe complications that can, as well as reduce the quality of life, leading to complete inability to maintain itself.
The most difficult to include:
- complete destruction of joint cartilage tissue;
- contraction;
- appearance of hernial protrusion in the intervertebral disc area;
- severe patient defects;
- Significant deformation of the limbs.
Arthrosis treatment
Unfortunately, many patients, unfortunately, learn about arthrosis and how to treat them at that stage when significant effects are no longer possible to achieve significant effects.It is necessary to be involved in the correction of the condition of the musculoskeletal system after the appearance of the first and lifetime symptoms.This is due to the fact that the effects of the factors contributing to the development of the disease are rare to prevent it.For example, age -related changes in blood supply and lymph flow from joints require constant use of vascular drugs.Given the pathogenesis, therapy should be complex and comprehensive.Starting with, after the appearance of unpleasant sensations when moving, refer to a rheumatological or traumatological profile specialist.Doctors, based on laboratory and instrumental diagnostics, will create an accurate diagnosis and solve the problem of prescribing adequate treatment.
Treatment with medications
In the early stages of arthrosis, you can correct the condition with the help of medicine.For this purpose, the drugs are used:
- adrenal cortex hormone;
- Anti -steroidal medicine -non -steroidal medicine;
- Preparation with chondroprotective effect.
Complex influences allow to save the patient from pain, level the inflammation process, and restore normal blood supply in the shortest possible time.
The latest therapy
Advanced development in the field of drug treatment leads to the creation of new drugs, which basically replaces natural synovial fluid.Developed molecules can reduce the process of cartilage degeneration, reduce pain and save patients from the phenomenon of inflammation.Artificial synovial liquids are introduced directly into the bag together every week.The duration of one course of treatment is 3-5 weeks.Usually, the results achieved are sufficient for a person's normal life for 6-12 months.Patients claim that comfort and quality of life have increased significantly.Unfortunately, this tactic only applies to people with an arthrosis level of 1-2.
Surgical
With severe damage to large joints, such as the hips or knees, at a relatively young age to 60, the patient is offered surgery for complete replacement of the joints.Today, ceramic and titanium transfers are used that can restore the functions that are completely lost.The device is quite strong and can provide patients up to 20 years of life without any problems with mobility in the joints.
People's recipe
Non -traditional medicine is widely used in the treatment of arthrosis.This is due to the fact that after stopping the acute process, lifelong therapy is required, aimed at restoring and maintaining the natural structure of the cartilage.To achieve the goal, the product used must be safe and natural.
Compressing and lotion by boiling the following plants is very popular:
- ginger root;
- cinnamon;
- Kalanchoe;
- turmeric;
- Celery.
Diet with arthrosis
In the treatment of pathology presented, it is very important to provide the body with continuous nutrient intake.This can only be achieved if protein compliance, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and micro diets in terms of protein, fat content.To compile the most power circuits, you should seek the help of a nutritionist.From the diet, it is necessary to produce fast carbohydrates and alcohol.The base of the table should be fish dishes, red meat and fresh fruits.
It is very important to adhere to the following nutritional rules for arthrosis:
- balance;
- Eat 5-6 times a day in small portions;
- Do not eat after 19:00;
- Eliminate excess weight.
Prevention
There is no prevention of certain arthrosis today, due to polyethiological conditions.
You can warn the onset of the disease by observing the general recommendation:
- proper nutrition;
- Moderate physical activity 2-3 times a week;
- weight normalization;
- frequent fractions;
- compliance with personal hygiene rules;
- Rejection of bad habits.
Conclusion
The pathological condition presented by the musculoskeletal system is often observed in older patients.It is necessary to increase the frequency of the early diagnosis of the disease, as only in this case, it is possible to calculate successful results from conservative treatment.Prognosis for work capacity, subject to early identification and preservation of all doctor's prescription, is good.The presence of a third -stage arthrosis is accompanied by a bad prognosis and can lead to the full inability of the patient to serve himself.
However, despite the worst forms of the disease with the help of surgical treatment, the weakness is:
- operating trauma;
- high cost;
- long recovery period;
- It cannot be used for patients over 60 years old.